The chief sources of radiation
exposure in the United States, as tabulated by the NCRP, are
indicated in Table
15-2. The largest single source of exposure is from radon,
which is produced in the decay of radium-226 in the soil and
enters a house through openings at the Home
basements,,,The average effective dose of 2.0 mSv/yr
(200 mrem/yr) corresponds to the average radon concentration,
but there are more than one million homes with radon levels that
are more than five times as great. Appendix
D has more information on the average annual radiation
exposure and its sources that are received by the U.S.
population.
|
| With four independent detection
elements, the badge can measure dose from beta, gamma, x-ray, or
neutron radiation over a wide range of energies. The badge may
be used for monitoring personnel in medical, industrial, and
other nuclear applications. |
| Radon
and Radioactivity - Facts and Controversies
Radon mitigation
stacks, radon potions, health risk
contraversies, radon in tobacco,
radioactive fallout, radiation experiments, nuclear accidents.
... at two monitors approximately 1,000 meters
apart, it proved that large radon-saturated
clouds are regularly passing over ...
|
| Integrated
Environmental Management, Inc. - IEM - Radioactivity Basics (Radon
and its Progeny)
Radon and its Progeny
What is radon? Radon
is a dense, noble gas, with an atomic number of 86,
meaning that there are 86 protons in the nucleus of a radon
atom. Radon is heavier than air, and
it is soluble in water. ... some other characteristics of radon?
Radon comes from the decay ...
|
| The "action
level" recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency
for radon in the air is 4 picocuries/liter of air. It is
difficult to convert air concentrations to actual exposures in
rems or sieverts, but estimates
are in the range of 4 to 14 rem per
year at that concentration. That makes it greater
that all the other routine environmental exposures combined. |
| Radon is
a colorless, odorless gas, a radioactive
by product of radium. It is part of the natural
radioactive decay series starting with uranium-238. It is
radioactive with a half-life
of 3.8 days, decaying by the emission of alpha
particles to polonium, bismuth, and lead in successive
steps. In
addition, Radium-226, a significantly more radioactive
element than uranium, is also freed in this process. in texas
|
Continuous Radon Monitor Safety-Siren
radon monitor measures both short and long-term radon levels.
The monitor reflects not only the average concentration level,
but also sounds an alarm when readings are over
Finding
Fossils with a Scintillator
Index of
/cthompson15
Charlie
Thompson's Radiation Detection Page.htm
Convert
your CDV-700 models 6 and 6A for scintillation probe
operation
A
voltage doubler mod for your CDV700 HV circuit - for use with
higher voltage photomulitpliers
National
Safety Products Labs
Radon gas test kits as low as $7.33 each (lab fees included in
prices). EPA certified lab. Easy to use; low cost electronic
detectors now available.
|
| A GM-10 on an airplane
flight recorded a level of over 400 CPM, due to the
large amount of cosmic radiation always present at high
altitudes
What
are Geiger Counters?
ion chambers
Uranium
Minerals A site showing where you can find your own
radioactive minerals in Pa , Jim Troupe
Pa and in Eastern Pa......
Terrestrial
Gamma Radioactivity Map of the US showing levels of
radiation due to Potassium, Thorium, and Uranium
|
| $9.99, and may be ordered
online or order
by mail
90%
PURE AUTUNITE crystals! 2 Grams for
$15.00
Atomic
Rock Auctions Atomic
Rocks For Sale
including some foods Radioactive
Products and Other Sources Of Radiation page
|
| The
Curie's and Ernst Rutherford When a
magnet was placed around
the tube along the path the rays had to travel, it was found
that one set of rays was unaffected by the field (later called
gamma rays), while a second set bent in one direction and yet
a third set bent in the other direction. Later work
established that one of the rays (called beta rays by
Rutherford) behaved exactly like cathode rays while a second
set (alpha rays) appared to be
positively charged and much heavier (based on their
curvature in the field) than the beta rays
|
| Once
you have your meter, you are going to want to get
something to test. Your local hardware store might have an
"Aladdin Lamp" mantle. This
is for use in a kerosene lamp and is made of radioactive
thorium. It may be possible to buy some radioactive minerals
from your local rock shop, or from online sources such as the Mineral
Galleries. Look for Torbernite, Carnotite, Autunite,
Uraninite, Monazite, Pitchblende, etc.You can also purchase
many different safe and legal isotopes from Spectrum
Techniques
|
|
|
|
| The US Geological Survey
has a Radon
WWW Page. It contains a great deal of useful
information, maps of radon levels in the US, and links to
other sites.WHO
WILL SPEAK FOR TRUTH? The Case of Nuclear Radiation
Radon
in Your Home
Links
to My Favorite Sites
Edmund
Scientific
http://www.oetech.com/INDEX197.html
-----------------Chambers
Ludlum
Measurements
voltage labs - good
stuff
Did
you know that the dust that's in the air and settling all
over your house (and computer monitor) is radioactive?
Natural
Nuclear Reactor at Oklo, Gabon, West Africa
When the neutron population of the core remains constant
the reactor is said to be critical. A growing neutron
population is characteristic of a supercritical reactor while
a shrinking neutron population makes a reactor subcritical.
Therefore, all reactors, when operating at constant power, are
critical
|
- Its
most common isotope, U238 has 92 protons and 146
neutrons, for an atomic weight (mean relative mass) of
238. The first recorded instance of uranium mining was in
the beginning of the sixteenth century in the silver
mining town of Sankt Joachimsthal
Carbon
14 Dating
- Alpha Particles: Helium nuclei, generally emitted
from heavy elements such as uranium and thorium. Alpha
particles only travel a few inches in the air, and can be
stopped by a piece of paper. Special geiger tubes with a
mica window are necessary to detect them, as other windows
will stop alpha particles.
- Beta Rays: Electrons moving at extremely high
(often relativistic) speeds. They are more penatrating
than alpha particles. They can pass through light
elements, such as paper and aluminum (but only small
thicknesses).
- Gamma Rays: Electromagnetic waves, similar to
light, but at a much higher energy. Much more penetrating
than alpha or beta radiations. High energy gamma rays can
pass through several inches of metal. Note
that X-Rays and Gamma Rays are really the same thing,
the term X-Ray is used when the radiation is produced by
electrons striking a material, such as in an X-Ray tube.
|
Indoor
Air Quality - 1.800.564.5537 ------- Good
site READ
... Household Tips. Endorsements. Radon
Maps. Home Inspection ... Detector,
sampling
......Indoor
Radon SITE -goverment site....pump and
collection media, dosimeter badges
and colorimetric tubes, specific colorimetric tubes ...
|
| CD
V-138 Low-Range (1-200 mR)
Dosimeters Radon problem |
| The
photo is of CD V-742 dosimeters and a dosimeter charger,
which we describe and detail here
and sell over here,
but we also have a very limited number (less than 100 as
of 3/9/03) of CD V-138 low-range (1-200 mR)
dosimeters.They are visibly used, but are all recently
5-day electric leak tested and radiation accuracy tested
and confirmed to mid-range, as proscribed by FEMA and
performed here in our
licensed radiological calibration laboratory.Total
delivered cost per recently tested/calibrated CD V-138
Dosimeter is $45.00. pic |
|
| Has
the federal government made recommendations to protect human
health? Picocurie (pCi): A unit used to
measure the quantity of radioactive, material.....level ....
20 Pico curies per square meter per
second (20 pCi/m2/sec) for emissions of radon-222
(a radon daughter) to the air ... |
| The maximum allowable
concentration for radium as designated
by the Illinois Pollution Control Board is 5 pico curies
per liter of water. Quarterly samples taken over the past
year indicate the lowest level to be 0.80 pico curies per
liter and the highest
to be 14.30 pico curies per liter. A
portion of the radium which is ingested remains in the bone.
The radiation which is
given off from the radium, because of its high
energy, causes damage to the surrounding tissue. A dose
of 5pCi/1 may result in
the development of bone cancer in a very
small portion of the population. |
| Regulatory limits
USEPA is in the process of regulating the radon in water for
municipal water supplies and a regulatory limit is not yet
finalized, but likely to be in the range of 300 to 3000 pCi/L.
The limits may be closer to 3000 pCi/L with some restrictions.
|
Ion
meters, Ion counters (atmospheric), Radon
detector (simple)
Digital air ion meter
reads 10-2,000,000 ions/cm
?either polarity, (detect atmospheric electricity, radon,
ionizer coverage). $580 US. Custom options available. ...
less than one tenth of any other ion meter
and is smaller and easier to use, requiring only ... decay
of radioactive minerals and radon
gas; ions generated by fires, lightning, ...
www.korins.com/m/alp More
technical information about Air Ions
- best meter so far i have seen
|
| About
Air Ions Almost
all positive ("+") natural ions come from
radioactivity. About 40% of these natural air ions come
from radioactive minerals in the ground |
| Risk
Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water
... Risk Assessment of Radon
in Drinking Water. Committee on Risk Assessment of Exposure
to Radon in Drinking Water ... Risk
assessment of radon in drinking
water / Committee on Risk
|
| http://www.tass-survey.org/richmond/answers/cassini.html
Information about the Cassini spacecraft and
its risks Jeff Cuzzi's order-of-magnitude analysis of health
risks Thanks to Bill Higgins for posting this to sci.astro.
From: higgins@fnald.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins) Newsgroups: sci.
|
| 1.3
cm per month -hair grouth in humans----- 4-9 ppm, |
| Although
recommendations and standards have been established, the
entire system relies on voluntary cooperation and compliance
between the manufacturer/vendor and the purchaser to comply
with AWWA standards for fluosilicic acid. Unless the purchaser
has the facilities to perform the recommended tests, there is
no way of verifying the quality and safety of the fluosilicic
acid....high levels of lead and arsenic contained in the
industrial grade fluosilicic acid......Radium
scale scoured from the filtration systems of phosphate
fertilizer plants can contain up to 100,000 pico-curies per
gram. |
| Children
are the most susceptible to adverse health effects
caused from the ingestion of chemically
treated water. Children from families with good incomes
suffer less from adverse health effects like dental fluorosis
while children from lower income families are more likely to
suffer adverse health effects.....Fluoride,
heavy metals and insoluble contaminants contained in
chemically treated water are concentrated with cooking
(heating). Food Grade fluoride is not used in the water
fluoridation process because the cost factors would be
prohibitive |
| fluosilicic
acid unless expressly requested by the purchaser.
If the purchaser does not perform analyses for radionucleides,
there is no way of verifying the manufacturer's
analysis.Because of the dilution factor in the production of
fluosilicic acid, the EPA suggests that it is highly unlikely
that levels of pico-curies would exceed the stated level in
NSF/EPA Standard 60 (National Primary Drinking Water
Standards) when added to a water supply. The only concern
stated in the NAS/CWTC Water Chemicals Codex is regarding the
levels of lead and arsenic: there is no mention of pico-curies
of radionucleides. There are no EPA/AWWA standards regulating
the pico-curies of radionucleides contained in fluosilicic
acid and no recomended tests. |
| The
City of Norco, CA - Press Releases water system
from the source to your water meter
are all certified by the ... PCi/l Pico
curies per liter is a measure of radioactivity in water.
NTU Nephelometric turbidity .The City chlorinates
(disinfects) all well water and operates an iron and
manganese removal plant to treat two wells. Contaminants
that may be present in source water include
Microbial contaminants, such as viruses
and bacteria, that may come
from sewage treatment plants, septic tanks, agricultural
livestock operations, and wildlife. · Inorganic
contaminants, such as salts and
metals, which can be naturally
occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff,
industrial, or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas
production, mining, or farming. · Pesticides and
herbicides, that may come from a variety of sources such as
agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.
· Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and
volatile organic chemicals, that are by-products of
industrial processes and petrolem production and can also
come from gas stations, urban storm water runoff,
agricultural application, and septic tanks. · Radioactive
contaminants, that can be
naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas
production and mining activities
|
| SPECIAL
NOTICE TO ALL EMPLOYERS, LANDLORDS, AND SCHOOLS, State Law
(Section 116465(G)(3) of the California Health and Safety
Code) requires that you provide copies of this notice to
all of your employees, tenants, or students (and parents of
minor students) within ten days of you receiving this notice.
Generally, you may fulfill this responsibility by posting this
notice at each site where drinking water is dispensed and/or
mailing a copy of the notice. Failure to give notice as
required could make you civilly liable in an amount not to
exceed $1,000 for each day of delay in notification.
the camp |
| NJ
Estates.net - (908)561-5492/6499
NJESTATES.NET specializes in luxury ,
upscale, and prestigious homes in the North-Central New
Jersey region which are either newly built, under
construction, or being re-sold. ... manufacturer’s
warranty. Passive radon ventilation
system with roof ... a cannister type radon
test prior to closing. ... programmable thermostats by Honeywell
included. Aprilair 350
|
|
Search results for radon meterKaleidoscope
www.mcgill.ca/reporter/35/04/kaleidoscope/ Appendices
McGill radiation safety
policy manual .mcgill.ca/eso/radiation/manual/appendix |
| NOTE:
|
| Medicine
is a constantly changing science and not all therapies
are clearly established. New research changes drug and
treatment therapies daily. The authors, editors, and
publisher of this journal have used their best efforts
to provide information that is up-to-date and accurate
and is generally accepted within medical standards at
the time of publication. However, as medical science
is constantly changing and human error is always
possible, the authors, editors, and publisher or
any other party involved with the publication of this
article do not warrant the information in this article
is accurate or complete, nor are they responsible for
omissions or errors in the article or for the results
of using this information. The reader should confirm
the information in this article from other sources
prior to use. In particular, all drug doses,
indications, and contraindications should be confirmed
in the package insert.
FULL DISCLAIMER
|
|
Ion
Chambers for Alpha Measurement-Alpha Probe
w/Mylar, window
| Beta Probe w/Tyvek window |
48 cm2 |
180 cm2 |
| 1-19 |
75.00 |
125.00 |
|
|
| Ion Chambers for Gamma-Measurement |
| L Chamber - 58 ml |
| 1-19 |
$ 15.00 |
|
NIST
RADON CAUBRATION SYSTEM NISTSRM4968 in
nominal strengths of 5 Bq, 35 Bq or 450 Bq 3.72
liter Glass Measurement-Jarsw/SealingCollars |
|
Superconductors made from alloys
are called Type II superconductors. Besides being
mechanically harder than Type I
superconductors, they exhibit much higher critical
magnetic fields. Type II superconductors such as niobium-titanium
(NbTi) are used in the construction of high field superconducting
magnets.
Type-II superconductors usually exist in a mixed
state of normal and superconducting regions. This is
sometimes called a vortex
state, because vortices of superconducting
currents surround filaments or cores of normal
material.
Superconducting Magnets
Type
II superconductors such as niobium-tin
and niobium-titanium are used to make
the coil windings for superconducting
magnets. These two materials can be fabricated into
wires and can withstand high magnetic fields. Typical
construction of the coils is to embed a large number
of fine filaments ( 20 micrometers diameter) in a
copper matrix. The solid copper gives mechanical
stability and provides a path for the large currents
in case the superconducting state is lost. These
superconducting magnets must be cooled with liquid
helium.
Most high energy accelerators now use
superconducting magnets. The proton accelerator at Fermilab
uses 774 superconducting magnets in a ring of
circumference 6.2 kilometers. They have also found
wide application in the construction of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus for medical
imaging.
Niobium-Titanium Superconductor
Niobium-titanium is a Type-II
superconductor with a critical
temperature of 10 K and a critical
magnetic field of 15 Tesla. While both of these
values are lower than those for niobium-tin,
this material has become the material of choice for superconducting
magnets because of its mechanical properties.
|
To make magnet wire, the niobium-titanium is
formed into filaments finer than human hair
and embedded in a matrix of solid copper. The
fine filaments are advantageous because
current flows only within a skin-depth of the
surface of a superconductor. The solid copper
forms a solid mechanical structure which will
also carry the current if the superconducting
phase is lost. Further
detail Superconductivity
concepts
Reference Ohanian |
As the first of a new class of high-temperature
superconductors, this superconductor has generated
an enormous amount of research (18,000 publications in
4 years). The understanding which has emerged is that
copper-oxide layers provide the path for current.
These copper-oxide layers are separated by layers of
other atoms which serve as spacers and charge
reservoirs.
Magnesium Diboride
In March 2001, Jun Akimitsu and colleagues at
Aoyama-Gakuin University in Tokyo, Japan reported a
superconducting transition temperature of 39 Kelvin
for magnesium diboride. This has generated a great
deal of excitement not only because this is the
highest transition temperature yet observed for a type-II
superconductor, but also because the materials
used are quite common.
Bosons are particles which have integer spin
and which therefore are not constrained by the Pauli
exclusion principle like the half-integer spin fermions.
The energy distribution of bosons is described by Bose-Einstein
statistics.
As an example of the energy savings attainable with
superconducting magnets, a bubble
chamber at Argonne National Laboratory has a 4.8 meter
diameter magnet producing a magnetic field of 1.8
Tesla. After establishing the magnetic field, only
about 190 kW is required to maintain the liquid
helium refrigeration.
|
This magnet coil is made from niobium-titanium
alloy embedded in copper. The cost of
construction of this coil was about the same
as for a conventional magnet, but it has a
10:1 operating cost advantage. |
|
|
| gilliam-berom
sysnone,(beyon beray) sentitive skin ,signs,burning of thallium
potiam ,rat posion, no cure,bobby cullie Guillain-Barré
Syndrome Toxicity,
Arsenic Toxicity,
Heavy Metals Toxicity,
Isoniazid Toxicity,
Mercury Prussian
blue binds to thallium better than charcoal and
should be used instead of charcoal if possible.
tritium
TRITIUM LABELED
COMPOUNDS Last updated September 11, 2003 Please specify
your required amount, solvent and specific activity desired.
If you do not find your compound below, please send us an
inquiry. We can label almost anything!
|
|
|
McHill
Collage -look up Radon evaluating radon potential of building materials. U. S. EPA
limit for radon flux is 20 pCi per m2 per sec...Electret ion
chambers(electret +chamber) are inexpensive, simple, passive
with no moving parts or electronic components, unaffected by
ambient environmental conditions and can be normally used for
several measurements before a need for replacement of the
electret. |
| creaia /north america-hunta
virus,bubonic plag,mobunic plage-- dear mice ---CDC4
--- courners out break |
Niagara
Falls Water Facilities 1997 Annual Water
Quality Report
pCi/L = Pico Curies
per liter. PtCoU = Platinum Cobalt Units
.Vel/cm = Veligers per cubic meter.
SI = Saturation Index, a (-) value indicates the water
has a tendency to |
| Index
to Hyper-Physics
* acceleration
* absorption,
quantum
*adhesion
*admittance
* air,
constituents
* air
friction
* airbag
* airfoil
* airplane
in wind
* albedo
* algebra
* Alpha
Centauri
* alpha
particle
* alveoli
of lungs
* AM
radio
* angular
acceleration
* angular
displacement
* angular
momentum
* angular
momentum, quantized
* angular
velocity
* Archimedes'
principle
* arctangent
problem
* aspirator
* astronomical
unit
* asymptotic
freedom
* atmosphere,
constituents
* atmospheric
pressure
* atomic
clock
* atomic
mass unit
* Atwood's
machine
* aurora
* auto
hydraulic lift
* Avogadro's
number
*
background radiation, 3K
* bag
model, quarks
* ballistic
pendulum
*
band theory, solids
*bandwidth
* Barnard's
Star
* barometer
* barometric
formula
*baryons
* baseball
curve
*beat
frequency
*Bequerel
(unit)
* Bernoulli
principle
* beta
radioactivity
* bicycle
wheel precession
*bimetallic
strip
*binding
energy, nuclear
* binomial
distribution
* binomial
expansion
* Biot-Savart
law
* birefringence
* blackbody
radiation
* black
hole
* boat
in current
* Bohr
magneton
* Bohr
model
* boiling
point
* boiling
water reactor
*Boltzmann
distribution
* Boltzmann's
constant
* bond,
chemical
* boomerang
*Bose-Einstein
condensation
*Bose-Einstein
statistics
*bosons
*Boyle's
Law
* brakes,
hydraulic
* Bragg's
law
* Bragg
spectrometer
* breeder
reactor
* brehmsstrahlung
radiation
* bulk
modulus
* bullet
drop
* buoyancy
* calcite
* calculus
* calorie
* calorimeter
* capillary
action
* capacitor
* carbon
dating
* cartesian
coordinates
* Cartesian
sign convention
* cartesian
diver
*carrier
wave
* cavity
radiation
* car
crash example
* Carnot
cycle
* celestial
sphere
* center
of mass
* centrifugal
force
* centripetal
force
* cesium-137
*Chandrasekhar
limit
*charge,
electric
*Charles'
Law
*charm
quark
*Chernobyl
* circular
motion
*cobalt-60
*COBE
satellite
*cochlea
*coherent
light
*cohesion
*collisions
*color
force
*compact
disc,audio
* complex
numbers
* Compton
scattering
* Compton
wavelength
* conduction
heat transfer
* conductor,
electric
* conjugate
points, lens
* conservation
laws
* conservation
of angular momentum
*conservation
of energy
*conservation
of momentum
*conservative
force
*convection
*Cooper
pairs
*coriolis
force
*correspondence
principle
*cosmic
background radiation
*cosmic
rays
*Coulomb
barrier
*Coulomb's
law
*covalent
bond
*cosmological
constant
*Crab
Nebula
*cross
section, nuclear reaction
*cross
section, scattering
*crossover
network
*crushing
Coke can
*crushing
steel drum
*Curie
temperature
*Curie
(unit)
*curl
*current,
electric
*current
law
*cyclotron
*cylindrical
polar coordinates
*Cygnus
X-1
*Davisson-
Germer experiment
*DeBroglie
wavelength
*decibels
*declination
*del
operator
*density
*derivative
*determinant
*deuterium-tritium
fusion
*dewpoint
*diamagnetism
|
*dielectric
*differential
equations
*diffraction
grating
*diffraction,
sound
*diffusion
*digital
delay
*dipole,
electric
*displacement
*distance
relationship
*divergence
*doping
of semiconductors
*Doppler
effect
*Doppler
effect, relativistic
*down
quark
*Dulong
and Petit, Law of
*dye
laser
*ecliptic
plane
*Einstein-Bose
condensation
*Einstein
equation
*Einstein
velocity addition
*ear
*eardrum
*elastic
collision
*elastic
potential energy
*elasticity
*electric
current
*electric
field
*electric
guitar
*electric
potential energy
*electric
shock
*electrolysis
*electromagnet
*electromagnetic
force
*electromagnetic
spectrum
*electromagnetic
waves
*electron
*electron
affinity
*electron
capture
*electron
spin
*electron
volt
*electronegativity
*electroweak
unification
* emission,
quantum
*emission,
stimulated
*emphysema
*energy
*enthalpy
*entropy
*equilibrium
*equinox
*equipartition
of energy
*escape
velocity
*Euler
relationship
*evaporation
*event
horizon
*exchange
forces
*exponents
*Fabry-Perot
*Faraday's
law
* fast
breeder reactor
*Fermat's
principle
*Fermi-Dirac
statistics
*Fermi
level
*fermions
*ferromagnetism
*Feynman
diagrams
*Fick's
Law
*first
law of thermodynamics
*fluids
*fluid
pressure
*fluorescent
light
*flux,
electric
*flux,
magnetic
*FM
radio
*focal
length
*force
*forces,
fundamental
*Fourier
analysis
*Fourier
series
*Franck-Hertz
experiment
*free
body diagram
*freefall
*Fresnel
lens
*friction
*friction,
rolling
*Friedmann
equation
*fuel
cell
*fundamental
forces
*g-factor,
electron spin
*galvanometer
*gamma
radioactivity
*gamma-rays
*Galilean
transformation
*gas
constant
*Gauge
pressure
* Gauss
(Unit)
* Gauss'
law
* Gaussian
distribution
* Gaussian
surface
*geometry
*Gibbs
free energy
*Global
Positioning System
*global
warming
*gluon
*gradient
*Graham's
Law
*grand
unification
*gravitational
lens
*gravitational
potential energy
*gravity
*gravity-assist
orbit
*Gray
(unit)
*greenhouse
effect
*Gullstrand's
equation
*gyroscope
*hadrons
*half-life
*Hall
effect
*Hall
probe
*harmonic
oscillator
*harmonic
oscillator, quantum
*heat
*heat
of fusion
*heat
of vaporization
*heat
transfer
*helium,
liquid
*helium-neon
laser
*Helmholtz
free energy
*Henry's
Law
*Hermite
polynomials
*Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram
*Heterodyne
principle
*Hooke's
Law
*holography
* Hubble
constant
* Hubble
law
* hydraulic
brakes
*hydraulic
press
*hydrogen
radial probability
*hydrogen
spectrum
*hyperbolic
functions
*hypercharge
*hysteresis
* Iceland
spar
*ideal
gas law
*image
formation
*images,
real
*images,
virtual
*impedance
*impulse
of force
*index
of refraction
*inductance
*inelastic
collision
*infrared
* insulator,
electric
*internal
energy
*inertia
*integral
*intensity,
sound
|
*interference,
sound
*intermediate
vector bosons
*internal
energy
*inverse
square law
* iodine-131
*ionic
bond
*ionization
energy
*ionizing
radiation
*IRAS
satellite
*isolated
system
*isotopes
*isospin
*Josephson
junction
*Jupiter
effect
**Kepler's
laws
*kinetic
energy
*kinetic
energy, rotational
*kinetic
theory
*Lamb
shift
*laminar
flow
*Lande'
g-factor
*LaPlace's
equation
*LaPlace's
law
*LaPlacian
*laser
*Law
of cosines
*Law
of sines
*lens
equation
*lenses
*Lenz's
law
*lepton
*lever
arm
*lightning
*light,
speed of
*limits
in calculus
*line
equation
*linear
algebra
*liquid
helium
*logarithms
*longitudinal
waves
*Lorentz
force law
*Lorentz
transformation
loudness
*loudspeaker
* lungs,
alveoli of
*Madgeburg
hemispheres
*magnetic
confinement
*magnetic
field
*magnetic
force
*magnetic
moment
*magneto-
hydrodynamics
*magnetostrictive
effect
*magnitude
of star
*main
sequence of stars
*manometer
*Mariner
spacecraft
*mass
*mass
energy
*mass,
reduced
*mass
spectrometer
*Maxwell-Boltzmann
statistics
*Maxwell
distribution
*mean
free path
*Meissner
effect
*mercury
barometer
*mesons
*Michelson-
Morley experiment
*microphone
*microwaves
*missing
fundamental effect
*mole
*moment
of inertia
*momentum
*Moseley
plot
*Mossbauer
effect
*motor
*motor,
induction
*Mpemba
effect
*muon
*n-type
semiconductor
*neutrino
*Newton's
laws
*neutron
*neutron
degeneracy
*neutron
star
*Newton's
first law
*Newton's
second law
*Newton's
second law for rotation
*Newton's
third law
*Norton's
theorem
*nuclear
binding energy
*Ohm's
law
*orbit,
circular
*orbit
concepts
*orbit
velocity
*orbital
angular momentum
*orbital
quantum number
*organ
of Corti
*oscillator,
simple harmonic
*oscillator,
damped
*oscillator,
driven
*osmosis
*ossicles
*overtones
*p-n
junction
*p-type
semiconductor
*pair
production
*parallel
axis theorem
*parallax
*paramagnetism
*parity
*parsec
*Pascal's
principle
*Pauli
exclusion principle
*pendulum
*pendulum,
physical
*periodic
motion
*permeability
*permittivity
*perpendicular
axis theorem
*PET
scan
*phase
change
*phase,
AC circuits
*phasor
diagram
*phon
*photoelectric
effect
*photon
*photon
energy
*photon
sphere
*piezoelectric
effect
*pink
noise
*pion
*pitch
*place
theory
*Planck
radiation formula
*Planck's
hypothesis
*Poiseuille's
law
* Poisson
distribution
*Poisson's
equation
* Population
I & II stars
*position
*positron
*positron
annihilation
*Potential
energy
*Potential
energy, gravity
*power
*power,
electric
*power
factor
*Poynting
vector
*precession
*pressure
*pressure
of fluid
* pressurized
water reactor
*primary
colors
*principal
axes
*principal
quantum number
*principle
of equivalence
|
*proton
*proton-proton
fusion
*pulsar
*Psi/J
particle
*quadratic
formula
*quality,
sound
*quantum
energy
*quantum
numbers, atomic
*quantum
statistics
*
quarks
*quark
confinement
*quarter-wave
plate
*Rayleigh-Jeans
law
*right
hand rule, torque
*red
shift
*red
giant star
*red
supergiant star
*reduced
mass
*reflection,
sound
*refraction,
light
*refraction,
sound
*relative
humidity
*relativity
*relativistic
energy
*relativistic
mass
*relativistic
momentum
*rem
(unit)
*resonance,
electric
*resonant
frequency
*resistance
*resistivity
*respiration
*rest
mass energy
*reverberation
*reverberation
time
*Reynold's
number
*right
ascension
*right
hand rule
*right
triangle relationships
*Rijke
tube
*rms
current
*rms
voltage
*rocket
*Roentgen
(unit)
*rotation
equations
*rotational
motion
*rotational
inertia
*Rutherford
scattering
*Sabine
formula
*Savery
engine
*scalar
product
*scanning
tunneling microscope
*Schrodinger
equation
*Schwarzschild
radius
*seatbelt
function
*selection
rules
*semicircular
canals
*semiconductor
*Seyfert
galaxies
*shock,
electric
*Sievert
(unit)
*sideband
*simple
harmonic motion
*sinusoidal
waves
*slingshot
orbit *smoking
and the lungs
*sodium
doublet
*SOHO
satellite
*solar
wind
*solenoid
*solstice
*sound
intensity
*sound
pressure
*sound
speed
*specific
heat
*speed
of light
*speed
of sound
*spherical
polar coordinates
*spectroscopic
notation
*spin,
electron
*spin
g-factor
*spin-orbit
interaction
*spring
potential energy
*spontaneous
symmetry breaking
*SQUID
magnetometer
*standing
waves
*star
spectral types
*state
variables
*Stefan-
Boltzmann law
*stimulated
emission
*strange
quark
*string
instruments
*string
vibration
*strong
force
* strontium-90
*subjective
tone
*Sun
*superconductivity
*superfluid
*supernova
*surface
tension
*surfactant
fluid
*synchrotron
radiation
*syncom
satellite
*tape
recording
*tau
lepton
*telephone
tones
*temperature
*temperature
scales
*terminal
velocity
* Tesla
(Unit)
*thermal
energy
*thermodynamics,
first law
*thermodynamics,
second law
*thermodynamics,
zeroth law
*Thevenin's
theorem
*tides
*time
dilation
*time's
arrow
*timpani
*top
quark
*torque
*torque
vector
*top
precession
*totalitarian
principle
*trajectories
*transparency
of a medium
*transverse
waves
*trig
functions
*trigonometry
*turbulent
flow
*ultrasonic
sound
*ultraviolet
*uncertainty
principle
*unit
vectors
*units
*up
quark
*upsilon
particle
*uranium-235
fission
*valence
electrons
*van
Allen Belts
*van
de Graaff generator
*vapor
pressure
*vector
bosons
*vector
sum
*vector
product
*vectors
*velocity
*velocity,
relative
*velocity,
terminal
*vectors,
scalar product of
*vergence
*viscosity
*viscous
resistance
*visible
light
*voltage
*voltage
divider
*voltage
law
*W
particle
*wall
tension
*wavefunction
*waves,
electromagnetic
*waves
on ocean
*weak
interaction
*weight
*weightlessness
*white
dwarf star
*white
noise
*Wien
displacement law
*Wollaston
prism
*work
*work-energy
principle
*x-rays
* Young's
modulus
*Z
particle
* Zeeman
effect
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